The burners that keep hot air balloons inflated use propane to produce flames. A malfunction or misfire in the burner system can cause a dangerous fire, potentially causing the balloon to burst mid-flight, leading to catastrophic falls. Hot air balloons are entirely at the mercy of the wind. Sudden changes in wind direction or speed, especially during takeoff or landing, can cause the balloon to veer off course or crash into trees, power lines, or other obstacles. Some fatal accidents have occurred because of unexpected wind shifts. While most hot air balloons float at low altitudes, some ascend to staggering heights. There are cases where balloons have accidentally risen to altitudes over 30,000 feet—well above where most aircraft fly—leading to severe hypoxia (lack of oxygen) and a risk of death. Although rare, fatal hot air balloon accidents do occur, with causes ranging from equipment failure, strong winds, to human error. In 2016, a hot air balloon in Texas crashed, killing all 16 people onboard, the deadliest ballooning accident in U.S. history. Sometimes, despite all the skillful attempts of the pilot, the balloon may not land where it was intended. Hard landings in fields, on roads, or even power lines have led to serious injuries or deaths. In 2013, a hot air balloon in Egypt crashed into power lines, killing 19 passengers. The fabric of a hot air balloon is made from heat-resistant materials, but accidents like gas leaks or burner malfunction can ignite the balloon's fabric, causing it to catch fire mid-air. Balloonists and passengers can easily become trapped in the flames. Balloon flights often happen at dawn, when the air is calm. However, this is also when the air temperature is at its lowest, meaning condensation forms inside the balloon, adding extra weight, and making the ascent potentially unstable and dangerous. Balloon pilots are usually out of communication with air traffic control, especially when flying at low altitudes. This can create dangerous situations, especially in areas with high air traffic or near airports. If a balloon lands in water, there’s a risk that it could sink with passengers still trapped inside. Strong winds or an unanticipated gust could prevent a successful landing, and the massive balloon fabric can make escape in a body of water particularly challenging. These facts highlight the inherent risks involved in hot air ballooning, a pastime often perceived as serene and peaceful but with potential dangers that are rarely discussed.
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