Ringbone is a degenerative condition affecting the joints and surrounding structures in a horse's lower limb, specifically the pastern or coffin joint. It is characterized by the formation of excess bone growth (osteophytes) around these joints, which can cause pain, stiffness, and lameness. Ringbone is classified into two types: high ringbone, which affects the pastern joint, and low ringbone, which involves the coffin joint. Both conditions can significantly impact a horse's mobility and quality of life, especially in advanced stages. This condition is typically caused by chronic stress or injury to the joints. Factors such as poor conformation, including upright pasterns or an uneven gait, can place excessive strain on these areas, leading to inflammation and eventual bony changes. Repetitive motion from activities like jumping or hard training on uneven ground can also contribute to the development of ringbone. In some cases, trauma, such as a direct injury to the pastern or coffin joint, can accelerate the onset of this degenerative process. Horses with ringbone often exhibit signs of discomfort, including swelling around the affected joint, reduced range of motion, and noticeable lameness that worsens with exercise. As the condition progresses, the bony growth can lead to joint fusion, which may stabilize the joint but often results in permanent stiffness. Diagnosing ringbone involves a combination of clinical examination and imaging, such as X-rays, to assess the extent of bone growth and joint involvement. While ringbone cannot be cured, management strategies can help alleviate pain and slow disease progression. Proper hoof care, including corrective trimming and shoeing, is essential to reduce strain on the affected joints and improve weight distribution. Anti-inflammatory medications, joint supplements, and regenerative therapies, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or stem cell injections, may also provide relief. In severe cases, surgical options like joint fusion (arthrodesis) can be considered to improve comfort.
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