In the late 18th century, when officials began to recognize that traditional city cemeteries had become putrid, overflowing, deeply un-hygienic catastrophes, they began to create space with the graves of the Parisians who had been dead for decades or centuries, took their skeletal remains and tightly packed together into charniers (mass graves) built in the walls of the cemetery above ground. And during the mid-18th century, merchants and residents began to complain of fetid, horrifying odors emanating from the Innocents and infecting surrounding buildings. Most famously, in 1780, a restaurant owner named Gravelot was terrified to find that part of a mass grave had collapsed; the cellars of his restaurant on rue de la Lingerie were “invaded” by corpses. To solve the problem of relocating millions of corpses from Les Innocents, city planners and officials had to get creative. They identified a vast network of underground limestone quarries, leading them to what it is today, The Catacombs.
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