The horse’s hoof is a complex and vital structure, playing a critical role in weight-bearing and movement. Inside the hoof, the coffin bone (distal phalanx) is suspended by the laminae, a highly specialized, interlocking tissue that connects the hoof wall to the bone. This system ensures stability and proper alignment, allowing the horse to move comfortably and distribute weight evenly. In a healthy hoof, the laminae function effectively, maintaining the coffin bone's alignment within the hoof capsule. The hoof wall is smooth, strong, and shows no signs of inflammation, while the sole and frog work together to support shock absorption and circulation. In a laminitic hoof, the laminae become inflamed and weakened, often due to metabolic conditions, dietary factors, or trauma. This inflammation can cause the coffin bone to rotate or sink, disrupting the hoof's internal structure. Visible signs of laminitis include rings on the hoof wall, a widened white line, and tenderness when pressure is applied. Internally, the loss of laminae strength can lead to severe pain and difficulty bearing weight.
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